Learning in psychology in Hindi/URDU | Introduction to Psychology Lectures

In this lecture we are going to discuss Learning in psychology and what is learning in psychology pdf in URDU Hindi | Introduction to Psychology BBA104 | PSY101 short lectures. In this Learning in psychology lecture we will cover all course outline topics through online lectures including concept of learning in psychology / types of learning in psychology/steps of learning in psychology and theories of learning in psychology with example of learning in psychology . learning in psychology notes notes and handouts are available at theiteducation.com. If you are facing difficulties in the development of Learning in psychology assignments and their quizlet feel free to contact us on 03096055938 WhatsApp for free and paid couching services and assignments.

The Topics which are covered in this lecture are | Learning in psychology

Today Topics

1. What is learning in psychology?

2. What are definitions of learning?

3. What are factors and elements learning?

4. What are changes of learning?

5. What are different types of learning in psychology?

Introduction to Learning | Learning in psychology

•Learning is process which starts from birth and continues to death. (گود سے گور تک سیکھنے کا عمل) •What we think about learning?

•Memorizing, knowing, getting knowledge •یا د ہو جانا، کسی شے کا جاننا، علم حاصل کرنا

•But this is not only learning…….

•Learning is change and modification in behaviors. It is not only attaining knowledge.

Learning changes the behavior of a man lived in a jungle when move to city life.

Learning is based on intrinsic. Every living organism is born with some innate tendencies to adjust himself in his environment.

Example is ducking start swimming just after it comes out of eggshell.

Human child just after birth, learn drinking milk.

Definitions of Learning | Learning in psychology

Woodworth: It is a process of development in an individual’s behaviour on the basis of exercise and reinforcement.

Floyd L. Ruch: It is a process which brings about changes in the individuals way of responding as a result of contact with aspects of environment.

Henry E. Garrett: It is the result of physical and mental activity responding to the new are changing circumstances.

Hilgard: It is a process which suggests a new or changed activity.

Herbert: It is a change in behaviour based on experience.

L.D. Crow: It is a continuous change in an individual’s behavior according to the needs of life.

Factors or fundamental elements of Learning | Learning in psychology

Arousal (جوش، مشتعل) is your curiosity ( (تجسسinstinct of question about any thing what is it, how is it, why is it.

Motivation : is a goal directed activity. It is the needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals.

Reinforcement (کمک، حوصلہ افرائی کا عمل) : it can exceeds the rate of learning. Positive enforcement like prizes increase the process of the learning and negative in the form of punishment weakens the learning process.

Association : is also an factor by which we learn. Like election

Changes by learning | Learning in psychology

Physical : when a person leans to do dome physical work for example learn to ride a cycle. He has to maintain his balance, with practice.

Neural : when the child starts riding a cycle , the neural resistance is the difficulty.

Mental : learning brings about mental changes in an individual. When you start learning some task u need active attention but with passage of time you need less or passive attention.

Psychological changes means, in start of learning you have less confidence and in the end of learning you have greater confidence.

Types of learning | Learning in psychology

Learning is a purposive action. It only occurs when the learner is ready to learn. Following are the types of learning.

Trial and error

Observational learning or cognitive

Insight learning

Learning by conditioning

Classical conditioning

Instrumental conditioning

Operant conditioning

Trial and error | Learning in psychology

•It is the method in which the on successful activities are left and the successful activities are continued. Trial and error needs little intelligence. The lower animals purely learn by it.

•It is basically the method used by the animals but the human beings especially children use the method of trial and error in learning and new task.

•For example children learn to to use mobile with trial and error method

Observational or cognitive Learning- Two Cats | Learning in psychology

•Observational learning are learning by imitation results from watching others behaviour. It is an indirect learning. It does not need the direct experience for the occurrence of learning. This is also called modelling. Models are the person serving as an example to the observer. If Behaviour of model is a appreciated than the observer may imitate are copy the behaviour.

•Cognitive learning is also observational learning. It involves various mental processes to recognize things and to retain them in memory and to select the important.

Insight learning | Learning in psychology

•Kohler is famous for learning by Insight. He conducted experiments on monkeys and proved that higher animals make use of their intelligence as the situation provides them a chance to utilize it. He hung a bunch of Bananas with the rope in the ceiling and kept it box nearby. he provided in nature environment to the monkeys. Send the monkeys in that room and how monkeys try to get Bananas. Soon the monkeys saw the box and he dragged it, placed beneath the Bananas climbed up the box and got the Bananas.

•It proved by the observation and experiments that human learning is based more on Intelligence then on trial and error.

Factors of learning

•Adjustment

•Motivation

•Attitude and interest

•Observation

•Problem solving

•Nature of stimuli

•Physical and mental health

•Reinforcement

•Recitation

•Spaces and unspaced learning

•Association and rhythm

•Meaningful material

Learning measurement

•Methods of measuring student learning are often characterized as summative or formative assessments:

•Summative assessments – tests, quizzes, and other graded course activities that are used to measure student performance. They are cumulative and often reveal what students have learned at the end of a unit or the end of a course. Within a course, summative assessment includes the system for calculating individual student grades.

•Formative assessment  – any means by which students receive input and guiding feedback on their relative performance to help them improve. It can be provided face-to-face in office hours, in written comments on assignments, through rubrics, and through emails.